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Inglês: Interpretação – Global protest

Global protest grows as citizens lose faith in politics and the state

 

In Brazil, the protests were diffcult to categorize, as protesters held signs expressing a wide range of demands

 

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The demonstrations in Brazil began after a small rise in bus fares that triggered mass protests. Within days this had become a nationwide movement whose concerns had spread far beyond fares: more than a million people were on the streets shouting about everything − from corruption to the cost of living to the amount of money being spent on the World Cup.

In Turkey, it was a similar story. A protest over the future of a city park in Istanbul snowballed too into something bigger, a widerranging political confrontation with prime minister.

If the recent scenes have seemed familiar, it is because they shared common features: viral, loosely organised with fractured messages and mostly taking place in urban public locations.

Unlike the protest movement of 1968, or even the end of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe in 1989, these are movements with few discernible leaders and often conflicting ideologies. Their points of reference are not even necessarily ideological, but take inspiration from other protests, including those of the Arab Spring and the Occupy movement. The result has seen a wave of social movements − sometimes short-lived − from Wall Street to Tel Aviv and from Istanbul to Rio de Janeiro, often engaging younger, better educated and wealthier members of society.

In Brazil, the varied banners underlined the difficulty of easy categorization as protesters held aloft signs expressing a range of demands from education reforms to free bus fares, while denouncing the billions of public dollars spent on stadiums for the 2014 World Cup and the Olympics.

1“It’s sort of a Catch-22”, Rodrigues da Cunha, a 63-year-old protester told the Associated Press. “On the one hand, we need some sort of leadership; on the other, we don’t want this to be compromised by being affiliated with any political party.”

As the Economist pointed out, while mass movements in Britain, France, Sweden and Turkey have been inspired by a variety of causes, including falling living standards, authoritarian government and worries about immigration, Brazil does not fit the picture, with youth unemployment at a record low and enjoying the biggest leap in living standards in the country’s history.

So what’s going on? “This is a very peculiar moment”, Saskia Sassen, a sociology professor at Columbia University, New York, told The Observer. She argues that one distinguishing factor is that many of the protest movements of the past decade have been defined by the involvement of what she calls “the modest middle class”, who have often been beneficiaries of the systems they are protesting against, but whose positions have been eroded by neoliberal economic policies that have seen both distribution of wealth and opportunities captured by a narrowing minority. As people have come to feel more distant from government and economic institutions, a large part of the new mass forms of dissent has come to be seen as an opportunity to demonstrate ideas of “citizenship”.

Sassen’s belief that many of the recent protests are middle-classdriven appeared to be confirmed overtly − in the case of Brazil, at least.

theguardian.com

 

EXERCÍCIOS – UERJ 2015 (adaptado)

1. This text is an example of the genre opinion article.
The purpose of this article can be described as:

a) provide the analysis of a current issue

b) reveal the truth about a political event

c) expose the details of a complex matter

d) explain the coverage of a sensitive subject

 

2. From the first to the fourth paragraph, various protest movements in different countries of the world are mentioned.

The author establishes links among them by means of the following textual strategy:

a) causality

b) comparison

c) enumeration

d) particularization

 

3. According to Saskia Sassen, protesters have taken to the streets to show their dissatisfaction with various issues.

One of the main reasons for the protests is the lack of confidence in:

a) political parties

b) living standards

c) immigration systems

d) governmental entities

 

4. It’s sort of a Catch-22, (ref. 1)

The underlined idiomatic expression introduces the idea of:

a) solution

b) certainty

c) dilemma

d) suspicion

 

5. In the fourth paragraph, the author characterizes the typical members of the Brazilian society engaging in the protests.

This characterization is based on the criteria of:

a) age, education, income

b) maturity, schooling, profit

c) experience, culture, interest

d) generation, breeding, expenditure

 

 

RESPOSTAS
1. O propósito do artigo é fornecer uma análise de uma questão atual, os protestos globais, incluindo no Brasil. Quanto às demais alternativas, (b) diz revelar a verdade sobre um evento político, mas não há uma revelação de qualquer segredo; (c) diz que o texto expõe os detalhes de uma questão complexa, mas não há realmente detalhes; (d) diz explicar a cobertura de um assunto sensível, mas não há menções a esse tema. Resposta: a

2. O autor compara os fatos ocorridos em Istambul aos protestos no Brasil e ainda tece comparações sobre outras duas épocas históricas que tiveram suas manifestações, as de 1968 e do fm da Cortina de Ferro em 1989. As alternativas equivocadas dizem ter casualidade (a), mas o estudante não pode afrmar que os protestos de 2013 foram causados pelos anteriores. Não há uma mera enumeração dos protestos históricos (c). E o texto não particulariza (d), pois abre espaços para os mais diversos protestos noticiados. Um trecho que serve para confrmar a escolha da alternativa está em: “Unlike the protest movement of 1968, or even the end of Soviet infuence in Eastern Europe in 1989, these are movements with few discernible leaders and often conficting ideologies”. Resposta: b

3. Entidades governamentais. A compreensão do trecho a seguir, parte da citação de Saskia Sassen, responde a questão: “As people have come to feel more distant from government and economic institutions, a large part of the new mass forms of dissent has come to be seen as an opportunity to demonstrate ideas of ‘citizenship” (Conforme as pessoas começaram a sentir-se mais distantes das instituições econômicas e governamentais, uma boa parte das novas formas de divergência em massa passaram a ser vistas como uma chance para demonstrar ideias de cidadania). Assim, sentir-se distante das instituições está relacionado a “governamental entities”, entidades governamentais. Resposta: d

4. Nesta questão se pede ao estudante que conheça a expressão idiomática “catch-22”, que signifca algo como “se correr o bicho pega, se fcar o bicho come”. Essa expressão foi cunhada com a publicação do livro Ardil 22 (Catch-22 no original), de Joseph Heller, e signifca uma situação na qual o indivíduo se encontra sem saída ou sem solução aparente para um problema. No texto é possível chegar à conclusão de que se trata de um dilema a partir das expressões “On the one hand” (por um lado) e “on the other” (pelo outro) ao comentar se deveriam ter ou não uma liderança política. Resposta: c

5. O trecho da tal caracterização está no fnal do parágrafo: “often engaging younger, better educated and wealthier members of society.” (frequentemente engajam os membros mais ricos, os mais bem educados e os mais jovens da sociedade). Assim têm-se os critérios de idade (“age”), educação (“education”) e renda (“income”) da alternativa (a). As demais apresentam termos ausentes na sentença. Em (b) maturidade e lucro, em (c) interesse, e em (d) criação e despesa. Resposta: a

 

 

Inglês: Interpretação – Global protest
Inglês: Interpretação – Global protest
Global protest grows as citizens lose faith in politics and the state   In Brazil, the protests were diffcult to categorize, as protesters held signs expressing a wide range of demands   The demonstrations in Brazil began after a small rise in bus fares that triggered mass protests. Within days this had become a nationwide […]

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